Enamel crack association with tooth age and wear severity: An optical coherence tomography study

 

Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, dds, msd, phd, Amnah Abdullah Algarni, dds, msd, phd, George Joseph Eckert, ba, bs, msc   &  Anderson Takeo Hara, dds, msd, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the association of dental enamel cracks with estimated tooth age and varying tooth wear severities. Methods: 355 premolars were sorted from a pool of extracted human teeth, based on their estimated age range: 21-40, 41-60 years old, determined by a dental forensic method and on the presence/severity of lesions: none, mild, moderate and severe wear (Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index). The buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth were inspected for cracks under an optical coherence tomography system. Images were evaluated according to the following scores: 0= no crack; 1= crack beginning and terminating within the enamel, not reaching the outer surface; 2= crack extending from outer enamel surface terminating within the enamel; 3= crack extending from within enamel terminating at or beyond the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ); 4= crack extending from outer enamel surface terminating at or beyond the DEJ. Data were analyzed by Spearman correlations and Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests. Results: Estimated tooth age and crack score were moderately correlated. Crack scores increased between each range of estimated tooth age (P< 0.050). Occlusal surfaces showing moderate or severe wear had higher buccal crack scores than occlusal surfaces having no wear (P< 0.020) and mild wear (P< 0.001). Buccal surfaces presenting severe wear had higher buccal crack scores than buccal surfaces with no wear, mild or moderate wear (P< 0.001). Premolars having severe wear had significantly higher crack scores than premolars showing no, mild or moderate wear lesions. (Am J Dent 2019;32:3-8).

 

 

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic – Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13 - CEP 13045-755, Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: cecilia.turssi@slmandic.edu.br

 

 

 

Clinical effect of Lactobacillus on the treatment of severe periodontitis and halitosis: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

 

Léo Guimarães Soares, dds, phd, Elisa Barcelos de Carvalho, bnd  &  Eduardo Muniz Barretto Tinoco, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the clinical association between Lactobacillus and the efficacy of adjuvant treatment of severe periodontitis, periodontal parameters, and halitosis. Methods: 60 healthy volunteers with severe periodontitis were randomized into two groups to receive periodontal therapy in a single session and lactobacillus or a placebo for 90 days. The test group received Lactobacillus reuteri, salivarius and acidophilus, and the control group received placebo with xylitol. Results: There was a reduction in the depth levels of the probing pocket and the level of relative attachment after 90 days (P< 0.01). Regarding bleeding after pocket probing, the full-mouth with lactobacillus groups also showed more reduction than the placebo group (P< 0.01). The same results were observed with the halitosis parameters (P< 0.01). Oral administration of lactobacillus reduced periodontal parameters and halitosis and could contribute to the beneficial effects on periodontal conditions and halitosis. (Am J Dent 2019;32:9-13).

 

 

Mail: Dr. L.G. Soares, Prefeito Walter Franklin, 13 – 111. Centro – Três Rios, RJ, 25803-010, Brazil. E-mail: leo@ritodontologia.com.br

 

 

Physical properties of artificial teeth after immersion in liquid disinfectant soaps

 

Jacqueline de Oliveira Zoccolotti, dds, msc, Rafaella Barbosa Suzuki, dds, Talita Baptista Rinaldi, dds, Cláudia Viviane Guimarães Pellissari, dds, msc, Paula Volpato Sanitá, dds, msc, phd

&  Janaina Habib Jorge, dds, msc, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the hardness, roughness and color stability of artificial teeth after immersion in liquid disinfectant soaps. Methods: Artificial teeth (Vipi Dent Plus, ArtiPlus and Biolux) were divided into four groups (n=15), according to the type of immersion solution: distilled water/control group (DW); liquid disinfectant soap Dettol (SD); liquid disinfectant soap Protex (SP); and liquid disinfectant soap Lifebuoy (SL). The immersion cycles occurred every day, for 8 hours at room temperature in each disinfectant solution, following immersion in distilled water for 16 hours at 37°C. All solutions were changed daily. Properties were evaluated after 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of immersion. The data were analyzed with a mixed three-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test (α= 0.05). Results: Vipi teeth presented significant reduction (P< 0.05) in hardness and roughness prior to 7 days of immersion in all solutions, including control group. These values, in general, were maintained during the 28 days. Biolux teeth, in general, did not present significant changes in hardness prior to immersion in any of the time intervals. The roughness of these teeth increased after 21 and 28 days of immersion (P< 0.05) in all the solutions. ArtiPlus teeth maintained stable roughness and hardness during the assessment period, regardless of the type of soap used. Color alterations were considered clinically acceptable. The liquid soaps may be an alternative for the disinfection of partial or total removable dentures. (Am J Dent 2019;32:14-20).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Janaina Habib Jorge, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, R. Humaitá, n 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil CEP: 14801-903, Brazil. E-mail: habib.jorge@unesp.br

 

 

 

Smear layer removal efficiency using apple vinegar: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study

 

Amro M. Moness Ali, mdent, dclindent, phd   &  Wolfgang H.M. Raab, phd, dr med dent

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate and compare the smear layer removal efficacy using two different concentrations of apple vinegar. Methods: 48 single-rooted human teeth with conical roots and canals were randomly divided into four groups and prepared by using a nickel-titanium rotary system (Flexmaster). The final irrigation regimens used were: Group A (negative control group) in which distilled water only was used; Group B (positive control group) in which 2.5% NaOCL was used during instrumentation and 17% EDTA as a final irrigant; Group C (experimental group) in which the 5% apple vinegar was used as a root canal irrigant during instrumentation and as a final irrigant; and Group D (experimental Group 2) in which the diluted  apple vinegar was used as a root canal irrigant during instrumentation and as a final irrigant. Specimens were then examined under a scanning electron microscope and scored for smear layer removal on the coronal, middle and apical thirds. Results: 5% apple vinegar was significantly more effective in smear layer removal only in the apical third (P< 0.001). However, diluted apple vinegar was comparable to 5% apple vinegar and 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, within the coronal and middle levels of the root canal (P>0.05). (Am J Dent 2019;32:21-26).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Amro Mohammed Moness Ali, Pediatric and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt. E-mail: amromoness@mu.edu.eg

 

 

 

Inhibition of enamel demineralization by an ion-releasing tooth-coating material

 

Naoyuki Kaga, dds, phd,  Hirokazu Toshima, dds, phd,  Futami Nagano-Takebe, dds, phd, Masanori Hashimoto, dds, phd,  Takashi Nezu, phd,  Atsuro Yokoyama, dds, phd,  Kazuhiko Endo, phd &  Masayuki Kaga, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of a surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler-containing tooth-coating material on enamel demineralization. The outer surface of the S-PRG filler is in a state in which ions are readily released. Methods: Human enamel blocks were incubated in lactic acid solution (pH 4.0) with and without a disk (n=6) made of the cured tooth-coating material. Test solutions were changed every 24 hours and incubation was continued for 4 days. The pH and amount of fluoride released were measured with an electrode and ion meter, respectively. The concentrations of ions (aluminum, boron, calcium, phosphorus, silicon, sodium, and strontium) were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The surface of the enamel block was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Results: Enamel demineralization was not observed in an enamel block incubated with a disk of the tooth-coating material. Ions released from S-PRG filler had an acid buffering action in the low pH lactic acid solution. However, in the enamel block-only solution showing high levels of calcium ion release, the degree of demineralization was correlated with morphological changes of the enamel surface. (Am J Dent 2019;32:27-30).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Naoyuki Kaga, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan. E-mail: kaga@college.fdcnet.ac.jp

 

 

Surface moisture influence on etch-and-rinse universal adhesive bonding

 

Runa Sugimura, dds, Akimasa Tsujimoto, dds, phd, Yumiko Hosoya, dds, phd, Nicholas G. Fischer, bs, Wayne W. Barkmeier, dds, ms, Toshiki Takamizawa, dds, phd, Mark A. Latta, dmd, ms  &  Masashi Miyazaki, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate whether surface moisture would influence the bonding effectiveness of universal adhesives in etch-and-rinse mode. Methods: All-Bond Universal (AB), G-Premio Bond (GP) Prime&Bond Active (PB) and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU) were evaluated. Shear bond strengths after 24 hours and 10,000 thermal cycles of universal adhesives to moist and dry enamel and dentin in etch-and-rinse mode were determined. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the adhesive interfaces were conducted. Results: The bond durability of universal adhesive to dentin in etch-and-rinse mode was influenced by the surface moisture, unlike bond durability to enamel. The bond durability of AB and GP, but not PB and SU, to dentin in etch-and-rinse mode was different depending on the surface moisture. Surface moisture did not influence the thicknesses of the adhesive or hybrid layer of resin-dentin interfaces, but the length of resin tags in the moist group was longer than in the dry group. (Am J Dent 2019;32:33-38).

 

 

Mail: Dr. A. Tsujimoto, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan. E-mail: tsujimoto.akimasa@nihon-u.ac.jp

 

 

 

Staining susceptibility of resin composite materials

 

Olivier Duc, dds, Enrico Di Bella, phd, Ivo Krejci, dds, phd, Emilie Betrisey, dds, Marwa Abdelaziz, dds, phd  &  Stefano Ardu, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the color stability of three resin-based materials continuously exposed to various staining agents. Methods: 144 disc-shaped specimens were made of each of the three tested composites (Essentia, Brillant, Inspiro). Half of them were 1 mm thick, the other half 1.2 mm thick. The thicker group was then polished up to 4,000 grit and reduced to 1 mm thickness, also. All specimens, after 24-hour dry storage in an incubator, received an initial color measurement by means of a calibrated reflectance spectrophotometer (SpectroShade). Specimens were then divided into six groups (n=6) and immersed in five staining solutions or artificial saliva (control). All specimens were kept in an incubator at 37°C for 28 days. Staining solutions (red wine, curry mixed in water, curry mixed in oil, tea and coffee) were changed every 7^th day to avoid bacteria or yeast contamination. After 28 days of storage, spectrophotometric measurements were repeated and L*a*b* scores once more recorded to determine the color (ΔE00) changes. Results: All tested materials showed significant color changes after 28 days staining immersion. ΔE00 of polished samples varied from 1.1 (Essentia/distilled water measured over a white background as well as Essentia, Inspiro/distilled water measured over a black background) to 32.5 (Inspiro/wine measured over a white background). (Am J Dent 2019;32:39-42).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Stefano Ardu, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. E-mail: Stefano.Ardu@unige.ch

 

 

Fluorescence properties of demineralized enamel after resin infiltration and dental bleaching

 

Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, dds, phd,  Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta, dds, ms, phd, Beatriz Maria da Fonseca, dds, ms, phd  &  Alessandra Bühler Borges, dds, ms, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different white spot lesion (WSL) treatments associated with dental bleaching on the fluorescence of dental enamel. Methods: 80 flat enamel disks (3 mm diameter and 1 mm thick) were obtained from bovine incisors. The initial fluorescence (fluorescent emission or Delta E*ab- FL units) of the specimens was measured using a spectrophotometer. Artificial caries was created in all specimens, and the measurements were repeated. The specimens were divided into four groups according to the treatment applied (n = 20): CON (control) – immersion in ultrapure water for 8 weeks; SAL - immersion in artificial saliva for 8 weeks; FL - daily application of 0.05% sodium fluoride for 1 minute/artificial saliva for 8 weeks; and ICON - resin infiltration (Icon). After the treatments, the assessments were repeated. Dental bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide gel was performed on all specimens for 30 minutes, and the measurements were made again after 7 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests across the treatments for each moment of evaluation. Results: Fluoride and saliva remineralization were not able to change enamel fluorescence, even after bleaching. Only resin infiltration increased the enamel fluorescence; however, after bleaching, all groups presented similar values. Icon increased translucency immediately after application, but bleaching reduced it to its initial values. (Am J Dent 2019;32:43-46).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000  Brazil. E-mail: carlos.rg.torres@unesp.br

 

 

The effect of polishing systems on surface roughness of nanohybrid and microhybrid resin composites

 

Yousra H. AlJazairy, bds, msc, Heba A. Mitwalli, bds, msc  &  Neda A. AlMoajel, bdsc

 

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the effect of polishing systems on surface roughness of nanohybrid and microhybrid resin composites. Methods: Two types of restorative resin composites and two one-step polishing systems were used in this study (IPS Empress Direct as the nanohybrid resin composite and Filtek P90 as the microhybrid). A total of 120 discs were fabricated (n=120). The specimens were divided into six groups of n=20 each. For polishing systems, PoGo One-Step Diamond Micro-Polisher and OptraPol Next Generation were selected. The before and after mean Ra values were recorded using a surface profilometer. Results were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis H and the Mann-Whitney U tests. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: PoGo polishing system recorded the lowest surface roughness, in case of both nano and microhybrid composites, with mean Ra values of 0.060 µm and 0.108 µm, respectively. PoGo also produced maximum reduction in the surface roughness in the nanohybrid group with 56.83%. OptraPol recorded a comparatively similar mean Ra value of 0.067 µm for the nanohybrid composites but recorded the least reduction in surface roughness with 48.41% for the microhybrid group. (Am J Dent 2019;32:47-52).

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Yousra Hussain AlJazairy, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O.Box 60169, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.  E-mail: yousra.aljazairy@gmail.com